Film Inhaltsverzeichnis
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IP MAN 4 [2019] [Donnie Yen] [Ceo Film na Srpskom] [Film Borilačke Veštine] [Srpski Titlovi] Film verpasst? Kein Problem. Schau aktuelle Filme kostenlos in der ZDF Mediathek! Film-Highlights, Komödien und mehr. Das volle Programm jederzeit online. Videos zu Alle Filme | ARD Mediathek. Was läuft aktuell im Kino? Rezensionen und Empfehlungen zu Kino-Filmen, Interviews und Reportagen aus der Welt des Films bei ZEIT ONLINE. Film Die Gewichtheberin Ab 18! Film übertreibt es die Olympia Stream Lotta mit ihrer Impulsivität: Vor jedem Pfad ins Erwachsenenleben hat sie bisher einen Haken geschlagen, so hat sie Mitte 20 noch keine Ausbildung. Einzelfilme und Mehrteiler. Während Marks Plan die illegale Entmietung mithilfe von Frau Ladas Abschiedsbrief zu stoppen erste Erfolge zeigt, muss er gleichzeitig um den Erhalt seiner Familie kämpfen. Sie haben sich geschworen, dass nichts zwischen sie …. In Troja Kinox beginnt das Filmfestival für Nachwuchsfilmemacher. Tödliche Geheimnisse. Film - Neues aus dem Reihenhaus. Jan und Sara werden von Eberhard und Froschkönig Film Neuen überfallen. Martha, wohlhabende Witwe, lebt mit Die Schlemmerorgie leicht verwirrten Mutter Guggi, der fünfjährigen Enkelin Melanie …. Sie können der Verwendung von Cookies widersprechen. Filme - Ein Reihenhaus steht selten allein. Irgendwann wird es dabei wohl darum gehen, was genau eine Idee ist. Das Passwort muss mindestens einen Kleinbuchstaben enthalten. Bitte gib dein Einverständnis. Hence it stands outside of time yes, it is vampiric, if you like. Together with Nykvist, Andersson and Ullman, Bergman explores the soul behind the mask.
See all 48 votes for Persona. Andrei Tarkovsky drew on memories of a rural childhood before WWII for this personal, impressionistic and unconventional film poem.
If — following the usual method of film watching — we identify with the protagonist, then the film becomes a meditation on our own relationship with ourselves: narrative cinema brought full circle to its point zero.
See all 47 votes for Mirror. Every time you watch it, you notice something new. Working with his biggest budget to date, Jean-Luc Godard created a sublime widescreen drama about marital breakdown, set during pre-production on a film shoot.
I love his troubled and troubling narration, his obsession with breaking the codes of popular cinema using some typical Godardian tropes: minimal dialogues with strange gestures, stares and situations.
It is the pinnacle of something, and is so beautifully inspired by classical Greco-German-Roman culture. It is even dedicated to Fritz Lang as a master.
The Godfather Part I works as a masterful portrait of modern societies. Coppola does not analyse his characters, nor seeks to moralise, but instead constructs these characters with all those ingredients that constitute the human condition.
The visual and narrative elements are simply fascinating. See all 43 votes for The Godfather. The penultimate film by the Danish master Carl Theodor Dreyer is a parable on the power of faith, set in a remote religious community.
Dreyer was the first filmmaker to ask the big questions about life, God and the mysteries of the human soul, and in Ordet he delivered his most impassioned address on the elusive concept of faith.
See all 42 votes for Ordet. In the Mood for Love is built on rapture, ecstasy, and the suffering it entails — on wheels.
Blasting away all the conventions of melodrama, Wong comes up with a fiction of emotions powered by music melos that leaves everyone else in the dust.
For fluidity, color, editing, music and unforgettable romance, this is it. See all 42 votes for In the Mood for Love.
Rashomon shows us impossibility of understanding the world and the inability of discovering the truth — those are, at first sight, European existential values, but they were brought to cinema by its Eastern film director.
See all 41 votes for Rashomon. Andrei Rublev is a strongest story about the artist — the suffering of the creator and creation.
Tarkovski made the individual story of Rubljov much bigger then it was in reality until finally it is like a symbol, an archetype of the artist and his relationships with power and absolutist authority.
I also like the visual language of the film. The scene with bells is one of the greatest in history of the cinema. There is something about the warp and weft of his film, and its attempt to understand the nature of the votive and the creative, that seems to me cinematic poetry of the highest order.
See all 41 votes for Andrei Rublev. Non-linear narratives had already been explored in film, but Lynch took the form to a different and unique level in Mulholland Dr.
Mulholland Dr. See all 40 votes for Mulholland Dr. The Stalker guides illegal visitors through the overgrown labyrinth of the Zone, an area of alien traps and treasures, containing a room where wishes may come true….
Stalker is about searching for the truth inside us. Not one of its main protagonists is able to cross the border of the miraculous room: they are afraid of their real inner desires.
It is also a film about victimising oneself for others; and about human modesty and humbleness. See all 39 votes for Stalker. See all 39 votes for Shoah.
Both prequel and sequel to the original, The Godfather Part II follows two generations of the Corleone family as they fight for supremecy in the treacherous world of organised crime.
The second movie is an answer to this line of dialogue, an operatic crime melodrama that seems to cover all the great themes of classical drama.
Even without Marlon Brando. Taxi Driver is a ferociously raw exploration of isolation and a modern classic with which many people feel a deep and personal connection.
See all 38 votes for Taxi Driver. One of the defining classics of Italian neorealism. And it is told in the neorealist style that makes it very affecting.
Such a film will always remain a great example for new filmmakers without large funds. It proves that a simple premise and characters that we can care about are all you need to make a story work.
Bicycle Thieves is neo-social realist melodrama that verges on tragedy, a document of devastated post-war Italy.
See all 37 votes for Bicycle Thieves. From the golden age of silent comedy, The General is as funny as it gets, with ingenious storytelling and filmmaking.
The vision, clarity and economy with which Keaton tells his story are remarkable. See all 35 votes for The General.
Simply remarkable. See all 34 votes for Metropolis. There has never been a more influential horror film than Psycho and everything since has referenced it somehow.
Psycho takes the Hitchcock slot just like City Lights takes the Chaplin one, because every great Hitchcock movie testifies to his masterful blending of entertainment and psychological depth.
See all 34 votes for Psycho. In precise detail Akerman observes the daily routines of a single mother in her apartment and the consequences that transpire when things begin to unravel.
Akerman filmed Jeanne Dielmann, 23 quai de Commerce, Bruxelles at a lower camera height than one is used to — her own height she is quite short — and a feeling of claustrophobia seems to follow from that, pervading the film and, despite its dramatic ending, never fully abating.
See all 34 votes for Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce Bruxelles. Truffaut drew inspiration from his own troubled childhood for this classic account of a troubled adolescent looking for an escape route from an unhappy life.
See all 33 votes for The Blows. The superbly thorough study that Fellini makes of a world characterised by the loss of moral values remains intact.
La Dolce Vita captures in tabloid snapshot the ambivalence of the modern age by exulting in the very decadence and excess that it also decries….
A wonderful snapshot of Roman society at the time, a sneering look at hedonism and at the same time an exploration of human emptiness.
See all 33 votes for La dolce vita. Ingrid Bergman and George Sanders play a middle-aged English couple whose marriage falls apart during a journey through Italy.
A pioneering work of modernism that links Italian neo-realism with the French new wave. See all 32 votes for Journey to Italy. See all 31 votes for Pather Panchali.
Some Like It Hot is quite simply the funniest film ever made. See all 31 votes for Some Like It Hot. The conflict of a woman between her husband, her lover, and the lover of her youth, and her failure to find happiness with any of them.
Gertrud is a stream of poetic hypnosis, and includes one of the best performances in the history of cinema by Nina Pens Rode. Riffing on the classic couple-on-the run movie, enfant terrible Jean-Luc Godard took the narrative innovations of the French New Wave close to breaking point.
For me Pierrot Le Fou was the first really postmodern movie. The colourful story a couple on the run is covered by pure cinematic invention and references to all kinds of arts and culture.
See all 31 votes for Pierrot le fou. Credit: Les Films de Mon Oncle. Play Time shows the beauty and power of subtlety in both cinema and comedy.
The nuances of performance and craft create a world that feels like no other but whose effect is universal to audiences.
Most imperative of all, Play Time is a wondrous film that compels you to observe the world in a way you never have before.
See all 31 votes for Play Time. Drama-documentary, based on the true story of an unemployed movie buff who passes himself off as the celebrated movie director Mohsen Makhmalbaf, to a woman he meets on a bus.
He leads her cinephile family to believe that they will appear in his next film. Eventually he ends up in jail where his trial is filmed by Kiarostami….
Close-Up completely obliterates the boundary between fiction and documentary in order to turn the most seductive aspect of cinema upside down.
And it also shows how solemn and painful it can be to want to be a filmmaker. See all 31 votes for Close-Up. A seminal political film of the s and s, and banned in France as well!
A film that portrays events occurring earlier in a timeline with those in another film, but is released after that film, is sometimes called a " prequel ," an example being Butch and Sundance: The Early Days.
The "credits," or "end credits," is a list that gives credit to the people involved in the production of a film. Films from before the s usually start a film with credits, often ending with only a title card, saying "The End" or some equivalent, often an equivalent that depends on the language of the production [ citation needed ].
From then onward, a film's credits usually appear at the end of most films. However, films with credits that end a film often repeat some credits at or near the start of a film and therefore appear twice, such as that film's acting leads, while less frequently some appearing near or at the beginning only appear there, not at the end, which often happens to the director's credit.
The credits appearing at or near the beginning of a film are usually called "titles" or "beginning titles.
Ferris Bueller's Day Off has a post-credit scene in which Ferris tells the audience that the film is over and they should go home. A film's "cast" refers to a collection of the actors and actresses who appear, or "star," in a film.
A star is an actor or actress, often a popular one, and in many cases, a celebrity who plays a central character in a film.
Occasionally the word can also be used to refer to the fame of other members of the crew, such as a director or other personality, such as Martin Scorsese.
A "crew" is usually interpreted as the people involved in a film's physical construction outside cast participation, and it could include directors, film editors, photographers, grips, gaffers, set decorators, prop masters, and costume designers.
A person can both be part of a film's cast and crew, such as Woody Allen , who directed and starred in Take the Money and Run.
A "film goer," "movie goer," or "film buff" is a person who likes or often attends films and movies, and any of these, though more often the latter, could also see oneself as a student to films and movies or the filmic process.
Intense interest in films, film theory, and film criticism, is known as cinephilia. A film enthusiast is known as a cinephile or cineaste.
A preview performance refers to a showing of a film to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself.
Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections based on the audience response.
One example of a film that was changed after a negative response from the test screening is 's First Blood. After the test audience responded very negatively to the death of protagonist John Rambo , a Vietnam veteran , at the end of the film, the company wrote and re-shot a new ending in which the character survives.
Trailers or previews are advertisements for films that will be shown in 1 to 3 months at a cinema.
Back in the early days of cinema, with theaters that had only one or two screens, only certain trailers were shown for the films that were going to be shown there.
Later, when theaters added more screens or new theaters were built with a lot of screens, all different trailers were shown even if they weren't going to play that film in that theater.
Film studios realized that the more trailers that were shown even if it wasn't going to be shown in that particular theater the more patrons would go to a different theater to see the film when it came out.
The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film program. That practice did not last long because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck.
Trailers are now shown before the film or the "A film" in a double feature program begins. Trailers are created to be engaging and interesting for viewers.
As a result, in the Internet era, viewers often seek out trailers to watch them. Of the ten billion videos watched online annually in , film trailers ranked third, after news and user-created videos.
Teasers are used to get patrons excited about a film coming out in the next six to twelve months. Teasers may be produced even before the film production is completed.
Film is used for a range of goals, including education and propaganda. When the purpose is primarily educational, a film is called an " educational film ".
Examples are recordings of academic lectures and experiments, or a film based on a classic novel. They may also be works of political protest, as in the films of Andrzej Wajda , or more subtly, the films of Andrei Tarkovsky.
The same film may be considered educational by some, and propaganda by others as the categorization of a film can be subjective.
At its core, the means to produce a film depend on the content the filmmaker wishes to show, and the apparatus for displaying it: the zoetrope merely requires a series of images on a strip of paper.
Film production can, therefore, take as little as one person with a camera or even without a camera, as in Stan Brakhage 's film Mothlight , or thousands of actors, extras, and crew members for a live-action, feature-length epic.
The necessary steps for almost any film can be boiled down to conception, planning, execution, revision, and distribution.
The more involved the production, the more significant each of the steps becomes. In a typical production cycle of a Hollywood-style film, these main stages are defined as development , pre-production , production , post-production and distribution.
This production cycle usually takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production.
The third year, post-production and distribution. The bigger the production, the more resources it takes, and the more important financing becomes; most feature films are artistic works from the creators' perspective e.
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture.
Crew is distinguished from cast , who are the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff , consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as screenwriters and film editors.
Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well-defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments.
Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics i. Caterers known in the film industry as "craft services" are usually not considered part of the crew.
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid , acetate , or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals.
Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials.
The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures, many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow.
Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives.
Most films on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them as of a poor choice for long-term preservation.
Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations and thereby increase revenue.
Preservation is generally a higher concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black-and-white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production.
Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are preferred by some film-makers, especially because footage shot with digital cinema can be evaluated and edited with non-linear editing systems NLE without waiting for the film stock to be processed.
The migration was gradual, and as of , most major motion pictures were still shot on film. Independent filmmaking often takes place outside Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
An independent film or indie film is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major film studio. Creative, business and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also lead to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros.
Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film.
But the advent of consumer camcorders in , and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early s, have lowered the technology barrier to film production significantly.
Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; in the s, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer.
Technologies such as DVDs , FireWire connections and a wide variety of professional and consumer-grade video editing software make film-making relatively affordable.
Since the introduction of digital video DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized.
Filmmakers can conceivably shoot a film with a digital video camera and edit the film, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a high-end home computer.
However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system.
Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video websites such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the filmmaking landscape, enabling indie filmmakers to make their films available to the public.
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright.
Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program , comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators.
Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs , but some of the most notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels.
Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures. Film distribution is the process through which a film is made available for viewing by an audience.
This is normally the task of a professional film distributor , who would determine the marketing strategy of the film, the media by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing, and may set the release date and other matters.
The film may be exhibited directly to the public either through a movie theater historically the main way films were distributed or television for personal home viewing including on DVD-Video or Blu-ray Disc , video-on-demand , online downloading , television programs through broadcast syndication etc.
Other ways of distributing a film include rental or personal purchase of the film in a variety of media and formats, such as VHS tape or DVD , or Internet downloading or streaming using a computer.
Animation is a technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit see claymation and stop motion , and then photographing the result with a special animation camera.
When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement due to the phi phenomenon.
Generating such a film is very labor-intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process. Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and films comes from professional animation studios.
However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the s, with animation being produced by independent studios and sometimes by a single person.
Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process.
This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera in the United States , and by Osamu Tezuka in Japan , and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.
Camera-less animation, made famous by film-makers like Norman McLaren , Len Lye , and Stan Brakhage , is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sequence of images that give the impression of movement, stored on film stock.
For other uses, see Film disambiguation , Movie disambiguation , and Moving picture disambiguation. This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Cinematography Principal photography Videography Shooting script Film inventory report Daily call sheet Production report Daily production report Daily progress report Daily editor log Sound report Cost report.
Distribution Film release wide limited delayed. Related topics. Film history Filmography Guerrilla filmmaking. See also. Main articles: History of film technology and History of film.
Main article: Precursors of film. Play media. Instead, he decided to have fun By Tom Fordy 31 Oct , pm. Shirley review: Elisabeth Moss's Gothic biopic is a gruelling muddle.
By Robbie Collin 30 Oct , pm. By Tim Robey 28 Oct , pm. Robbie Collin 2 Nov , pm. News Read more. By Tim Robey 2 Nov , pm.
Reviews Read more. By Roger Lewis 1 Nov , am. By Michael Hogan 28 Oct , pm. Summer of 85, review: how first love can feel like a matter of life-and-death.
By Robbie Collin 22 Oct , am. Borat Subsequent Moviefilm, review: Trump rallies, ugly songs and some truly rotten jokes. By Robbie Collin 21 Oct , pm.
As these were 4 Blocks Bs filmed separately, and perhaps with different actors, the final version is called a montage. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are William Franklyn Miller ground as well. Au hasard Balthazar is Der Pate 4 Stream film that will continue to exist outside the conventional limitations of time and space. Film is distinguished from castwho are the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. See all 34 votes for Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce Bruxelles. The arrival of internet-based video websites such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the filmmaking Film, enabling indie filmmakers to make their films available to the public. Every time you watch it, you notice something new. Working with his biggest budget to date, Jean-Luc Godard created a sublime widescreen drama about marital breakdown, set during pre-production on a film shoot.
I love his troubled and troubling narration, his obsession with breaking the codes of popular cinema using some typical Godardian tropes: minimal dialogues with strange gestures, stares and situations.
It is the pinnacle of something, and is so beautifully inspired by classical Greco-German-Roman culture. It is even dedicated to Fritz Lang as a master.
The Godfather Part I works as a masterful portrait of modern societies. Coppola does not analyse his characters, nor seeks to moralise, but instead constructs these characters with all those ingredients that constitute the human condition.
The visual and narrative elements are simply fascinating. See all 43 votes for The Godfather. The penultimate film by the Danish master Carl Theodor Dreyer is a parable on the power of faith, set in a remote religious community.
Dreyer was the first filmmaker to ask the big questions about life, God and the mysteries of the human soul, and in Ordet he delivered his most impassioned address on the elusive concept of faith.
See all 42 votes for Ordet. In the Mood for Love is built on rapture, ecstasy, and the suffering it entails — on wheels.
Blasting away all the conventions of melodrama, Wong comes up with a fiction of emotions powered by music melos that leaves everyone else in the dust.
For fluidity, color, editing, music and unforgettable romance, this is it. See all 42 votes for In the Mood for Love. Rashomon shows us impossibility of understanding the world and the inability of discovering the truth — those are, at first sight, European existential values, but they were brought to cinema by its Eastern film director.
See all 41 votes for Rashomon. Andrei Rublev is a strongest story about the artist — the suffering of the creator and creation.
Tarkovski made the individual story of Rubljov much bigger then it was in reality until finally it is like a symbol, an archetype of the artist and his relationships with power and absolutist authority.
I also like the visual language of the film. The scene with bells is one of the greatest in history of the cinema.
There is something about the warp and weft of his film, and its attempt to understand the nature of the votive and the creative, that seems to me cinematic poetry of the highest order.
See all 41 votes for Andrei Rublev. Non-linear narratives had already been explored in film, but Lynch took the form to a different and unique level in Mulholland Dr.
Mulholland Dr. See all 40 votes for Mulholland Dr. The Stalker guides illegal visitors through the overgrown labyrinth of the Zone, an area of alien traps and treasures, containing a room where wishes may come true….
Stalker is about searching for the truth inside us. Not one of its main protagonists is able to cross the border of the miraculous room: they are afraid of their real inner desires.
It is also a film about victimising oneself for others; and about human modesty and humbleness. See all 39 votes for Stalker. See all 39 votes for Shoah.
Both prequel and sequel to the original, The Godfather Part II follows two generations of the Corleone family as they fight for supremecy in the treacherous world of organised crime.
The second movie is an answer to this line of dialogue, an operatic crime melodrama that seems to cover all the great themes of classical drama.
Even without Marlon Brando. Taxi Driver is a ferociously raw exploration of isolation and a modern classic with which many people feel a deep and personal connection.
See all 38 votes for Taxi Driver. One of the defining classics of Italian neorealism. And it is told in the neorealist style that makes it very affecting.
Such a film will always remain a great example for new filmmakers without large funds. It proves that a simple premise and characters that we can care about are all you need to make a story work.
Bicycle Thieves is neo-social realist melodrama that verges on tragedy, a document of devastated post-war Italy.
See all 37 votes for Bicycle Thieves. From the golden age of silent comedy, The General is as funny as it gets, with ingenious storytelling and filmmaking.
The vision, clarity and economy with which Keaton tells his story are remarkable. See all 35 votes for The General. Simply remarkable.
See all 34 votes for Metropolis. There has never been a more influential horror film than Psycho and everything since has referenced it somehow.
Psycho takes the Hitchcock slot just like City Lights takes the Chaplin one, because every great Hitchcock movie testifies to his masterful blending of entertainment and psychological depth.
See all 34 votes for Psycho. In precise detail Akerman observes the daily routines of a single mother in her apartment and the consequences that transpire when things begin to unravel.
Akerman filmed Jeanne Dielmann, 23 quai de Commerce, Bruxelles at a lower camera height than one is used to — her own height she is quite short — and a feeling of claustrophobia seems to follow from that, pervading the film and, despite its dramatic ending, never fully abating.
See all 34 votes for Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce Bruxelles. Truffaut drew inspiration from his own troubled childhood for this classic account of a troubled adolescent looking for an escape route from an unhappy life.
See all 33 votes for The Blows. The superbly thorough study that Fellini makes of a world characterised by the loss of moral values remains intact.
La Dolce Vita captures in tabloid snapshot the ambivalence of the modern age by exulting in the very decadence and excess that it also decries….
A wonderful snapshot of Roman society at the time, a sneering look at hedonism and at the same time an exploration of human emptiness.
See all 33 votes for La dolce vita. Ingrid Bergman and George Sanders play a middle-aged English couple whose marriage falls apart during a journey through Italy.
A pioneering work of modernism that links Italian neo-realism with the French new wave. See all 32 votes for Journey to Italy. See all 31 votes for Pather Panchali.
Some Like It Hot is quite simply the funniest film ever made. See all 31 votes for Some Like It Hot. The conflict of a woman between her husband, her lover, and the lover of her youth, and her failure to find happiness with any of them.
Gertrud is a stream of poetic hypnosis, and includes one of the best performances in the history of cinema by Nina Pens Rode. Riffing on the classic couple-on-the run movie, enfant terrible Jean-Luc Godard took the narrative innovations of the French New Wave close to breaking point.
For me Pierrot Le Fou was the first really postmodern movie. The colourful story a couple on the run is covered by pure cinematic invention and references to all kinds of arts and culture.
See all 31 votes for Pierrot le fou. Credit: Les Films de Mon Oncle. Play Time shows the beauty and power of subtlety in both cinema and comedy.
The nuances of performance and craft create a world that feels like no other but whose effect is universal to audiences.
Most imperative of all, Play Time is a wondrous film that compels you to observe the world in a way you never have before. See all 31 votes for Play Time.
Drama-documentary, based on the true story of an unemployed movie buff who passes himself off as the celebrated movie director Mohsen Makhmalbaf, to a woman he meets on a bus.
He leads her cinephile family to believe that they will appear in his next film. Eventually he ends up in jail where his trial is filmed by Kiarostami….
Close-Up completely obliterates the boundary between fiction and documentary in order to turn the most seductive aspect of cinema upside down.
And it also shows how solemn and painful it can be to want to be a filmmaker. See all 31 votes for Close-Up. A seminal political film of the s and s, and banned in France as well!
Although directed by an Italian director, the film was made in collaboration with the Algerian government and presents an African perspective on events, marking it an important work in the naissance of African cinema.
See all 30 votes for The Battle of Algiers. No one merged emotional mush with slapstick brilliance in quite the same way at Chaplin in City Lights — you can be angry at the movie for tugging at your heartstrings, but you stand no chance of resisting its pull.
City Lights is one of the highlights of film history, where lofty classical melodrama happily coexists with brilliant humour.
See all 29 votes for City Lights. Via several dramatic and fantastic stories set in 16th century feudal Japan, Ugetsu monogatari is a film of extraordinary power and accuracy about the human condition.
The greatest of Japanese filmmakers, in his films Mizoguchi expresses perfectly the universality of an art that is however rooted in Japanese culture and history.
It is the apogee of film classicism. See all 29 votes for Ugetsu monogatari. This science-fiction short directed by Chris Marker is composed almost complete of still images.
See all 28 votes for North by Northwest. See all 28 votes for Rear Window. See all 28 votes for Raging Bull. For his first sound film Fritz Lang turned to the story of a child killer Peter Lorre , who is hunted down by police and underworld alike.
See all 27 votes for M. See all 26 votes for The Leopard. See all 26 votes for Touch of Evil. See all 25 votes for Sherlock Jr.
See all 25 votes for Barry Lyndon. Deals with the relations, largely sexual, between an anarchic young man and his two mistresses, one seemingly permanent, who keeps him, the other seemingly casual.
See all 25 votes for La Maman et la putain. This sweeping historical tragedy about two children separated from their parents and sold into slavery continued a run of late masterpieces from Kenji Mizoguchi.
See all 25 votes for Sansho Dayu. See all 24 votes for Wild Strawberries. See all 24 votes for Modern Times. See all 24 votes for Sunset Blvd. See all 24 votes for The Night of the Hunter.
See all 24 votes for Pickpocket. See all 24 votes for Rio Bravo. Loosely adapted from a novel by Phillip K.
See all 23 votes for Blade Runner. See all 23 votes for Blue Velvet. A veteran cameraman who has travelled throughout the world relays his impressions on the different countries and life in general to a female commentator.
See all 23 votes for Sans Soleil. See all 23 votes for A Man Escaped. See all 22 votes for The Third Man. See all 22 votes for Les enfants du paradis.
See all 22 votes for La grande illusion. See all 22 votes for Nashville. See all 21 votes for Chinatown. See all 21 votes for Beau Travail.
See all 21 votes for Once Upon a Time in the West. See all 20 votes for The Magnificent Ambersons. See all 20 votes for Lawrence of Arabia.
In the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, two small sisters live in a remote village in Castille. See all 20 votes for The Spirit of the Beehive.
See all 19 votes for Fanny and Alexander. See all 19 votes for Casablanca. See all 19 votes for The Colour of Pomegranates. See all 19 votes for Greed.
See all 19 votes for A Brighter Summer Day. See all 19 votes for The Wild Bunch. Another example of cinematic language is having a shot that zooms in on the forehead of an actor with an expression of silent reflection that cuts to a shot of a younger actor who vaguely resembles the first actor, indicating that the first person is remembering a past self, an edit of compositions that causes a time transition.
Montage is the technique by which separate pieces of film are selected, edited, and then pieced together to make a new section of film. A scene could show a man going into battle, with flashbacks to his youth and to his home-life and with added special effects, placed into the film after filming is complete.
As these were all filmed separately, and perhaps with different actors, the final version is called a montage.
Directors developed a theory of montage, beginning with Eisenstein and the complex juxtaposition of images in his film Battleship Potemkin.
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines , and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate their opinions.
Despite this, critics have an important impact on the audience response and attendance at films, especially those of certain genres.
Mass marketed action , horror , and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film and the assessment of the director's and screenwriters' work that makes up the majority of most film reviews can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film.
For prestige films such as most dramas and art films , the influence of reviews is important. Poor reviews from leading critics at major papers and magazines will often reduce audience interest and attendance.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some observers claim that movie marketing in the s is so intense, well-coordinated and well financed that reviewers cannot prevent a poorly written or filmed blockbuster from attaining market success.
However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily promoted films which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent films indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence.
Other observers note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film.
However, this usually backfires, as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
Journalist film critics are sometimes called film reviewers. Critics who take a more academic approach to films, through publishing in film journals and writing books about films using film theory or film studies approaches, study how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people.
Rather than having their reviews published in newspapers or appearing on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals or up-market magazines.
They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities as professors or instructors. The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented.
In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import, and screen additional product commercially.
The Oberammergau Passion Play of [ citation needed ] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world.
Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances.
By Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars. From to , film was also the only image storage and playback system for television programming until the introduction of videotape recorders.
In the United States, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood, California. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai -centered Bollywood , the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns , an example being Kevin Costner 's Waterworld.
Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards also known as "the Oscars" are the most prominent film awards in the United States , providing recognition each year to films, based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Revenue in the industry is sometimes volatile due to the reliance on blockbuster films released in movie theaters. The rise of alternative home entertainment has raised questions about the future of the cinema industry, and Hollywood employment has become less reliable, particularly for medium and low-budget films.
Derivative academic fields of study may both interact with and develop independently of filmmaking, as in film theory and analysis.
Fields of academic study have been created that are derivative or dependent on the existence of film, such as film criticism , film history , divisions of film propaganda in authoritarian governments, or psychological on subliminal effects e.
These fields may further create derivative fields, such as a movie review section in a newspaper or a television guide. Sub-industries can spin off from film, such as popcorn makers, and film-related toys e.
Sub-industries of pre-existing industries may deal specifically with film, such as product placement and other advertising within films. The terminology used for describing motion pictures varies considerably between British and American English.
In British usage, the name of the medium is "film". The word "movie" is understood but seldom used. In other countries, the place where movies are exhibited may be called a cinema or movie theatre.
By contrast, in the United States, "movie" is the predominant form. Although the words "film" and "movie" are sometimes used interchangeably, "film" is more often used when considering artistic , theoretical , or technical aspects.
The term "movies" more often refers to entertainment or commercial aspects, as where to go for fun evening on a date. For example, a book titled "How to Understand a Film" would probably be about the aesthetics or theory of film, while a book entitled "Let's Go to the Movies" would probably be about the history of entertaining movies and blockbusters.
Further terminology is used to distinguish various forms and media used in the film industry. A reproduction based on such is called a "transfer.
For many decades, tape was solely an analog medium onto which moving images could be either recorded or transferred. However, the act of shooting images with other visual media, such as with a digital camera, is still called "filming" and the resulting works often called "films" as interchangeable to "movies," despite not being shot on film.
The word, " Talkies ," refers to the earliest sound films created to have audible dialogue recorded for playback along with the film, regardless of a musical accompaniment.
The " silver screen " refers to the projection screen used to exhibit films and, by extension, is also used as a metonym for the entire film industry.
An " independent " is a film made outside the conventional film industry. In US usage, one talks of a " screening " or " projection " of a movie or video on a screen at a public or private "theater.
Theaters can still screen movies in them, though the theater would be retrofitted to do so. One might propose "going to the cinema" when referring to the activity, or sometimes "to the pictures" in British English, whereas the US expression is usually "going to the movies.
But, cinemas may also show theatrical movies from their home video transfers that include Blu-ray Disc, DVD, and videocassette when they possess sufficient projection quality or based upon need, such as movies that exist only in their transferred state, which may be due to the loss or deterioration of the film master and prints from which the movie originally existed.
Due to the advent of digital film production and distribution , physical film might be absent entirely. A " double feature " is a screening of two independently marketed, stand-alone feature films.
A "viewing" is a watching of a film. A " release " is the distribution and often simultaneous screening of a film.
A " preview " is a screening in advance of the main release. Any film may also have a " sequel ", which portrays events following those in the film.
Bride of Frankenstein is an early example. When there are more films than one with the same characters, story arcs, or subject themes, these movies become a "series," such as the James Bond series.
And, existing outside a specific story timeline usually, does not exclude a film from being part of a series. A film that portrays events occurring earlier in a timeline with those in another film, but is released after that film, is sometimes called a " prequel ," an example being Butch and Sundance: The Early Days.
The "credits," or "end credits," is a list that gives credit to the people involved in the production of a film. Films from before the s usually start a film with credits, often ending with only a title card, saying "The End" or some equivalent, often an equivalent that depends on the language of the production [ citation needed ].
From then onward, a film's credits usually appear at the end of most films. However, films with credits that end a film often repeat some credits at or near the start of a film and therefore appear twice, such as that film's acting leads, while less frequently some appearing near or at the beginning only appear there, not at the end, which often happens to the director's credit.
The credits appearing at or near the beginning of a film are usually called "titles" or "beginning titles. Ferris Bueller's Day Off has a post-credit scene in which Ferris tells the audience that the film is over and they should go home.
A film's "cast" refers to a collection of the actors and actresses who appear, or "star," in a film. A star is an actor or actress, often a popular one, and in many cases, a celebrity who plays a central character in a film.
Occasionally the word can also be used to refer to the fame of other members of the crew, such as a director or other personality, such as Martin Scorsese.
A "crew" is usually interpreted as the people involved in a film's physical construction outside cast participation, and it could include directors, film editors, photographers, grips, gaffers, set decorators, prop masters, and costume designers.
A person can both be part of a film's cast and crew, such as Woody Allen , who directed and starred in Take the Money and Run. A "film goer," "movie goer," or "film buff" is a person who likes or often attends films and movies, and any of these, though more often the latter, could also see oneself as a student to films and movies or the filmic process.
Intense interest in films, film theory, and film criticism, is known as cinephilia. A film enthusiast is known as a cinephile or cineaste.
A preview performance refers to a showing of a film to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself.
Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections based on the audience response.
One example of a film that was changed after a negative response from the test screening is 's First Blood. After the test audience responded very negatively to the death of protagonist John Rambo , a Vietnam veteran , at the end of the film, the company wrote and re-shot a new ending in which the character survives.
Trailers or previews are advertisements for films that will be shown in 1 to 3 months at a cinema. Back in the early days of cinema, with theaters that had only one or two screens, only certain trailers were shown for the films that were going to be shown there.
Later, when theaters added more screens or new theaters were built with a lot of screens, all different trailers were shown even if they weren't going to play that film in that theater.
Film studios realized that the more trailers that were shown even if it wasn't going to be shown in that particular theater the more patrons would go to a different theater to see the film when it came out.
The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film program. That practice did not last long because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck.
Trailers are now shown before the film or the "A film" in a double feature program begins. Trailers are created to be engaging and interesting for viewers.
As a result, in the Internet era, viewers often seek out trailers to watch them. Of the ten billion videos watched online annually in , film trailers ranked third, after news and user-created videos.
Teasers are used to get patrons excited about a film coming out in the next six to twelve months. Teasers may be produced even before the film production is completed.
Film is used for a range of goals, including education and propaganda. When the purpose is primarily educational, a film is called an " educational film ".
Examples are recordings of academic lectures and experiments, or a film based on a classic novel. They may also be works of political protest, as in the films of Andrzej Wajda , or more subtly, the films of Andrei Tarkovsky.
The same film may be considered educational by some, and propaganda by others as the categorization of a film can be subjective.
At its core, the means to produce a film depend on the content the filmmaker wishes to show, and the apparatus for displaying it: the zoetrope merely requires a series of images on a strip of paper.
Film production can, therefore, take as little as one person with a camera or even without a camera, as in Stan Brakhage 's film Mothlight , or thousands of actors, extras, and crew members for a live-action, feature-length epic.
The necessary steps for almost any film can be boiled down to conception, planning, execution, revision, and distribution. The more involved the production, the more significant each of the steps becomes.
In a typical production cycle of a Hollywood-style film, these main stages are defined as development , pre-production , production , post-production and distribution.
This production cycle usually takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production.
The third year, post-production and distribution. The bigger the production, the more resources it takes, and the more important financing becomes; most feature films are artistic works from the creators' perspective e.
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture.
Crew is distinguished from cast , who are the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film.
The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff , consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as screenwriters and film editors.
Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well-defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments.
Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics i.
Caterers known in the film industry as "craft services" are usually not considered part of the crew. Film stock consists of transparent celluloid , acetate , or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals.
Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials.
The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures, many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography.
It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations and often has importance as primary historical documentation.
However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives.
Most films on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them as of a poor choice for long-term preservation.
Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations and thereby increase revenue.
Preservation is generally a higher concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black-and-white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well.
These approaches are preferred by some film-makers, especially because footage shot with digital cinema can be evaluated and edited with non-linear editing systems NLE without waiting for the film stock to be processed.
The migration was gradual, and as of , most major motion pictures were still shot on film. Independent filmmaking often takes place outside Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
An independent film or indie film is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major film studio.
Creative, business and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also lead to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros.
Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film.
But the advent of consumer camcorders in , and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early s, have lowered the technology barrier to film production significantly.
Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; in the s, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer.
Technologies such as DVDs , FireWire connections and a wide variety of professional and consumer-grade video editing software make film-making relatively affordable.
Since the introduction of digital video DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized.
Filmmakers can conceivably shoot a film with a digital video camera and edit the film, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a high-end home computer.
However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system.
Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video websites such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the filmmaking landscape, enabling indie filmmakers to make their films available to the public.
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright.
Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside Hollywood, or other major studio systems. A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program , comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators.
Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs , but some of the most notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels.
Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures.
Film distribution is the process through which a film is made available for viewing by an audience. This is normally the task of a professional film distributor , who would determine the marketing strategy of the film, the media by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing, and may set the release date and other matters.
The film may be exhibited directly to the public either through a movie theater historically the main way films were distributed or television for personal home viewing including on DVD-Video or Blu-ray Disc , video-on-demand , online downloading , television programs through broadcast syndication etc.
Other ways of distributing a film include rental or personal purchase of the film in a variety of media and formats, such as VHS tape or DVD , or Internet downloading or streaming using a computer.
Animation is a technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit see claymation and stop motion , and then photographing the result with a special animation camera.
When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement due to the phi phenomenon.
Generating such a film is very labor-intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and films comes from professional animation studios.
However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the s, with animation being produced by independent studios and sometimes by a single person.
Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process.
This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera in the United States , and by Osamu Tezuka in Japan , and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.
Camera-less animation, made famous by film-makers like Norman McLaren , Len Lye , and Stan Brakhage , is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
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